Cyclone burner



B- J. PARMELE July 19, 1949.

CYCLONE BURNER 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Oct. 50, 1946 July19,1949. QHARMELE 2,476,507

cccccccccccc R 7 July 19, 1949.- B. J. PARMELE CYCLONE BURNER 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 Filed Oct. 50, 1946 B. J. PARMELE CYCLONE BURNER July 19, 1949.

4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Oct. 30, 1946 INVENTO Patented July 19, 1949 UNITED; PAT BN1 V autism; i I Y 7 ovcnoNh 1 Benjamin .1. Barmele, Wilmington, N; v. Applicationflctober a0, 1g 6,. t; 1m, 79 .56g?

1 This invention refers to improvements in cyclone burners for various fuels, and more especially to combustion chambers of the typ in w c t e uel carried bye air s b c e to a. thorough mixture with the said air prior to he d sch rge ro h th c hd sbhrhei" port.

' T e an ential or cyc ni n l c mbu on burner syst m i Wel kno n various countri s- Howe er i e o he ac a not all u l are burned instantaneously, the resultant 'effiiciency is rather low, since a portion ofthe pare ticles of the substance to be burnedcl escrihes a otation c c e withoutbeing e yathed and leaves the burner chamberjtogether with'the Duminggases so that the utilization of the fuel mus be c nsid ed as p rt a It ad able to use u he c mb he length and capacity ofwhich aresufiicientto provide or a l nger el cal rota on hath birth this xpe i n n be ap l ed o a limi ed. exten onl in vi o the n re ing s lq ss caused by. an in rea e in he dimensions of. the ch mber; the pro m still persists. in a of' ts aspec s,

' Ex e imen ing with Various types cits/a on burners, {have come to the conclusion that since it isnot p ss b o increase the a a i y hs chamber n o der to bt n a l n r path ofthe el pa t cles it is ne y to a re t'thehelifcal advance movement of the particles during their o at on causesihy the air sup ly n wh ch th e ca ed; so that in eac section. of chainer the iuel part c es d b'ea larger r re oluti n is as b n p ecisslyi t i. y. mean 01th? impr vements acco din to his inven on hi i v tion c m r s a a ticular a anger mm of he ue and om r ss a r'sun y pom due to h h t m ure o u l nd ai suppl ed to-the chamber retards the normal helicalproge 6 Claims; (Cl. 110-28) re'ss ard h t et n in t e number of revolutions without affecting the progress of'the same, i; e. the air anti iuel injected into the burner cha b n a an ent a nd r r ss vely slanting direction cause the unburned fpel'particles to keep-circulating untilth'ey are consumed and the gases and fly ash gain the 'central'vorteig n e i c from h ch mber.-

For this purpose, the tangential entrance ports of the fuel and compressed air suppl are com stituted'by a pluralityoi orifices which; being arranged'in a row, extend from'the rear wall of the burner chamber to thedischarge (gr-burner port thereof, with theessential characteristic thatsaid orifices, adjacent to the discharge-or KQIWW-hll Q iths cham e r s an s hrran e in d recti n ligh y p t t he irection of i sqh ree of th ha AS r Jet if med Qfh mixt re of'air and fue i s i o. th burne c mb r adiasaar' eno a tend to a s the d n movement" of the heli'cal'revolution generated; by t e rotat on i hc means h s" Thu the ariis s a '0 haih du n b1?! yr mum. Ata i irh n .th ohi sts it is o ths ma n- Qh, ventiontoprovidehumor chamh rs ich 1 bins rQai-ifiQQZiYQ o eration. with ei ie hy which,.,rronia practical stan po nt can be ardedzas maxim m-v Aiurtherohject of the invention is to pro ide cyclone .burnersof minimum lenethahii inmate: infwhichhdue to-the inten untion o the. h lical advancemovemcnh otthe fuel particle carried by the air, it is possible xtonbtain a satis atimry combustion intha-ohamhersof relatively redused dimensions; 7

Another object of the. present invention. is to adequately-distribute the fuel. in the chamber. by upplying-the fuel to tho same along. the entire longitudinal extensions of tho drum constituting the -burner chamber.-

A furtherobjectof-the invention is to prepare the fuel-in-suchamanner that the same is cara bureted' prior to-the penetration into the -cham-' her, so that the fuel-reaches the chamber. in a perfectoondition ior combustion.

Stillanotherobjeet of the present invention is to faci'htaterenlacement of thefeeclerwhen wornout by constructing the'feederof metal'and taken alongtheline 2-4- of-Figchamb rs f t air streams transverse sectional view of' the v fuel and compressed air feeder taken along the line 33 of Figure 2.

Figure 3A is a sectional view similar to that of Figure 3 but illustrating a modification of the discharge orifices of the fuel and compressed air feeder.

Figure 4 is a sectional View similar to that of Figure 3 but illustrating a further modification of the discharge orifices of the fuel and compressed air feeder.

Figure 5 is a general lateral view of the improved burner according to the invention.

Figure 6 is a lateral view of the burner according to the invention applied to a marine boiler.

Figure 7 is a partial frontal view of a part of the burner illustrated in Figure 6.

In the figures, like or corresponding parts are designated with the same reference letters or" numerals.

Referring to the drawings, a is the drum which constitutes the chamber, the lateral walls I of which are curved and practically of cylindrical shape. One end of said drum is closed by a rear wall 2 and the opposite end of the chamber comprises a front wall 3 which is provided with the corresponding discharge or burner port 4 through which the combustion gases pass into the fire box of the furnace.

Rear wall 2 is provided with a port having a detachable lid 5 provided with an observation window 6. The lid is maintained in its closed position during the operation of the burner, but it can be easily opened in order to facilitate an inspection of the burner, and furthermore, to allow introduction of the starting fuel charge.

Similar to all burners of this type used in the United States of America, Sweden and other countries, the combustion chamber constituted by drum 0. is provided with a tangential port for the supply of fuel and compressed air, since due to this tangential suppiy port the fuel particles are caused to describe a helical rotational move- 'ment in order to be burned in the chamber and produce an igneous mass which is discharged through burner port 4' in the form ofa flame jet, as can be seen in Figures 1 and 5.

On starting their rotational movement, the fuel paitides tend to turn around against the surfaces of cails'l but as the combustion to the decreased density describe revolutions of smaller diameter, as can be observed in Figure 2, until they penetrate into a central zone I where these fuel particles are totally consumed so that only the combustion gases, together with the sees, said particlesgrow lighter and due 0 impalpable volatile or fly ash particles, are discharged through burner port 4.

This is the theory of the cyclone burners, but in practice not all of the fuel particles are burned prior to the discharge through burner port 4, so that a part of the fuel is not utilized.

As already expressed hereinbefore, the disadvantages present in the known cyclone burners have been eliminated by means of the improvements according to the present invention, since the latter provides means to the effect that the injected air will control the advance movement of the helical trajectory of the fuel particles subjected to the combustion process.

As stated, the entrance port for the mixture of fuel and air under pressure is constituted by a feeder b formed of a bell-shaped member terminating in a plurality of orifices 9 and 9'. Said orifices 9 and 9 of feeder b are arranged in rows under a step In provided in the interlor surface 4 of wall I. This surface is nearly cylindrical but the cross-section thereof gradually and slightly decreases to form a spiral whose pitch determines the height of step I.

Orifices 9 and 9 are directed in a tangential direction towards the interior wall surface of the chamber in a zone corresponding to the bottom thereof. Since the diameter of the interior surface of the wall gradually diminishes in order to form step l0, the fuel carried inthe air stream and supplied to the combustion chamber through orifices 9 and 9, follows the course of the spiral, so that, after completing the first revolution, the

,fuel particles penetrate into the general mass of the flame and do not interfere with the supply of additional fuel and air introduced into the chamber through the new orifices.

Orifices '9 'and'S form a row which extends from the rear wall 2 of the chamber to the front wall 3 thereof, so thatJdue to the Width of the bell-shaped end 8 of the feeder, the pulverized fuel is distributed in an eflicient manner. In effect, since bell-shaped end 8 of the fuel and air feederis sufficiently high to project the fuel from a zone immediately adjacent to rear wall 2 to a zone located adjacent the front Wall 3 of the chamber, the fuel particles are distributed according to their weight, since the heavier particles fall, as is logical, more rapidly than the lighter ones, so that each particle, in accordance with its weight, describes a parabola different from those described by the other particles of the fuel. This has been graphically illustrated in the drawing of Figure 1 which gives an idea of the range of parabolas described by the different particles of the pulverized fuel.

In view of the fact that the heavier particles describe a shorted parabola, these particles penetrate into the combustion chamber through the U orifices 9 adjacent to rear wall .2, so that these particles penetrate into the combustion chamber through other orifices 9' which are more remote from rear wall 2, so that the fuel particles pene trate into the chamber according to a porportional order through points which correspond to the rational path of the igneous mass in the chamber.

Apart from the distribution characteristic provided by feeder b, the latter originates the automatic. control for the advance movement of the cycle of trajectories. Said control or regulation results from the arrangement of orifices 9 which, in the portion designated by 9, form an angle which is slightly inclined in a direction opposite to that of the discharge ofthe combustion gases. The inclination of the orifices in a direction con trary to that of the discharge of the burner increases even more in the zone immediately adjacent to the front wall 3, since, starting from the central zone, the inclination increases from a minimum toa maximum value as can be seen in the drawings of Figures 3, 3A and 4, wherein are shown three of the possible variations in arrangement of the orifices.

Due to the inclined arrangement of orifices 9' the air which carries the fuel particles and penetrates into the chamber through the zone charge of the burner, applies a certain braking ac on tattle ad emw enw th h i al chamber, since the particles inthese helical paths .have to advance against force components which tend. to rotate along a recedingpath towards the .rear wallv 2 instead of advancing. towards front wall 3 of the chamber. Consequently, the fuel particles instead of completing their helical cycle with the corresponding number of revolutions, in accordance with the velocity and volume of the air injected together with fuel, describe a larger number of revolutions in the neighborhood of front wall 3' and'thus describe a longer path than usual and are simultaneduslysubjected to an increased turbulent motion Consequently the particles-penetrating into the combustion chamber adjacent to rear wall-2, asiwell as the fuel particles which penetrate into the combustion chamber through the orifices of the intermediate zone and the zone adjacent to the front wall 3 of the chamber, are enabled to-be completely consumed and maximum utilization of the fuel is obtained. 7

Feeder b is connected to a duct H provided with a'blower' l2 designated to impart to the-air the velocity which'is required for the supply and turbulence in the chamber constituted by drum a. Duct Ii comprises a Venturi tube l3 towards which is directed the discharge duct' [4 ofa hopper l5 which contains the pulverized fuel. Due to suction action of the Venturi tube the 'coal or other fuel particles are drawn into duct 'or pipe H where they are thoroughly mixed with the air, and thus are subjected to a sort of carburetion in order to b'e'properly conditioned l on penetrating into the combustion chamber.

The fuel supply may be controlled either by varying the velocity of the motor which drives blower l2 or by means of a valve 16 which constitutes the air. intake of blower 12. Furthermore, the system is provided with another means for directly controlling the fuel supply, since between hopper l5 and discharge port ll thereof'there is-provideda valve I'Lwhichis governed by means of a handle l8. 1

In the embodiment shown in Figure 5, a portion of branch ll of duct H is in contact with the walls of the chamber or drum 0,, so the air sucked in by blower i2 is previously heated in order to obtain a still better carburetion when the heated air mixes with the pulverized fuel after having passed through Venturi tube l3.

In the embodiment illustrated in Figure 5 drum a is mounted on a trestle 0 provided with a casing l9. The cyclone burner mounted on trestle c is arranged in front of the opening 20, which corresponds to the entrance port of fire box Na, and the burner port 4, which constitutes the discharge opening of the combustion chamber or drum a, is directed toward the entrance port of the furnace.

In the embodiment of the invention shown in Figure 2, the lateral wall I is provided with a hinged lid 22 arranged beyond zone I against which impinges the air stream which injects the fuel coming from feeder b, i. e., lid 22, which extends along the entire length of chamber a, is located at a point where the clinker accumulates. Accordingly, the chamber may be periodically cleaned in a substantially simple manner, since once the lid 22 is carried to a position indicated Joy means of the dotted lines in Figure 2, the accumulated clinker falls into a wagonette 23 or other container which is arranged below trestle c.

the boiler which maybe oftthe Scotch Marine,

.Lancashire oranyother similar type comprising a fire box. 2|, and heater tubes 24. in com- .municationwith a chimney 25. In this case,

beyond the zone 1, towards which the air with the admixed fuel is directed, there is provided 'a. channel 26 slantingly arranged toward a discharge port for the liquid clinkermounted in rearwall 2. This discharge port may be stituted by a detachable cover 26 i The bottom 2 I of fire box 21 includes a helical transporter 21 for the discharge of the ashes. Should the capacity of this transporter not be sufi'icient for this purpose, bottom 2| is provided with a blower 28 which is designed to or may be operated-as an extractor or ejector to remove excess ashes.

The rear part of fire box 2| is provided with an elbow-shaped duct d in which there are mounted two blowers 29 and 30, of which the former is mounted in the lower part of elbow 11 while blower 30 is mounted adjacently to the discharge opening of duct d. Blowers 29 and 3 ,0

constitute an ejector which is designed to remove the ashes accumulating on the bottomf2l' o'f fire box 21, and; said ashes are discharged through valve or port'32'." i

In any of its applications, the drum which constitutes the combustion chamber a. is provided with a removable feeder b. This feeder is made of metal and terminates in a recess 33 formed in lateral wall I of the. combustion chamber in which it is removablyseated, enabling it to be replaced as necessary.

Summing up, the present invention refers to improvements in cyclone burners which comprise a chamber a formed by a laterally curved wall I, a rear wall 2 and a front wall 3 provided with a discharge or burner port 4. The entrance or supply ports of the" chamber are constituted by orifices 9 and 9 which, being arranged in a row in the lateral wall i of the chamber, form 'aline which extends from the rear wall to the front wall of the chamber, so that the fuel is distributed in accordance with the Weight of the particles.

The fuel supply orifices, at least in the vicinity of the burner port in the front Wall of the chamber, are inclined in a direction slightly against the direction of discharge of the combustion chamber.

It will be appreciated that modifications of the disclosed embodiments of my invention are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the claims.

Having thus described my invention what I clatim as new and desire to secure by Letters Paten is:

1. Improvements in cyclone burners for various fuels, of the type comprising a drum-shaped chamber having a closed rear wall, a front wall provided with a burner port located opposite to said rear wall, and a curved lateral wall provided with tangential fuel and compressed air entrance ports, said entrance ports being constituted by a plurality of orifices which, being arranged in a row in said lateral wall, form a line extending from said rear wall to said front wall of the chamber, and said orifices, at least adjacent to the burner port of the chamber, being slantingly arranged in a direction slightly opposite to the direction of discharge of the chamber.

2. Improvements in cyclone burners for various fuels, of the. type comprising a drum-shaped chamber having a closedrearwall, a frontal wall locatedopposite to said rear, Wall and provided with a discharge or burner port, and a plurality of tangential fuel and compressed air entrance ports arranged in the curved lateral wall of said chamber, said entrance ports being constituted by a plurality of orifices, which extend in a row extending from said rear wall to saidfront wall of the chamber and which, in the vicinity of said burner port, are slantingly directed in a direction slightly opposite to the direction of discharge of the chamber, the inclination of said orifices gradually decreasing towards, said rear wall of the chamber.

3. Improvements in cyclone burners for various fuels, of the type comprising a drum-shaped chamber having a closed rear wall, a front wall located opposite to said rear wall and provided with a burner port, and a plurality of tangential fuel and compressed air entrance ports arranged in the curved lateral wall of said chamber, said ports being constituted by a plurality of orifices arranged in a row extending from said rear wall to said front wall of the chamber and which are slantingly directed in a direction slightly opposite to the direction of the discharge of the chamber solely in the vicinity of the said front wall.

4. Improvements in cyclone burners for various fuels, of the type comprising a drum-shaped chamber having a closed rear wall, a front wall provided with a discharge or burner port, and a plurality of tangential fuel and compressed air entrance ports arranged in the curved lateral 'wall of said chamber, said entrance ports being constituted by a plurality of orifices arranged in a row extending between said rear and front walls of the chamber and which, at least adjacent to said front wall, are slantingly directed in a direction slightly opposite to the direction of discharge of the chamber, said orifices forming part of a feeder comprising a bell-shaped discharge end which, starting from an air and fuel mixer tube, gradually widens to extend from said rear wall to said front wall of the chamber.

8 l s 5; Improvements in cyclone burners for various fuels of the type comprising" a drum-shaped chamber havinga closed rear wall, a front wall provided with a discharge or burner port, and a plurality of tangential fuel and compressed air supply ports arranged in the curved lateral wall of the chamber, said entrance ports terminating 'in the lower portion of a step provided in the interior surface of said lateral, wall and being constituted by a plurality of orifices arranged in arrow extending from said rear Wall to said front wall of the chamber and which, at least in the vicinity of the said front wall, areslantingly directed in a direction slightly opposite to the direction of discharge of the chamber.

6. Improvements in cyclone burners for various fuels, of the type comprising a drum-shaped chamber having a-closed rear-wall, a front wall provided with a discharge or burner port,'and' a plurality of tangential fuel and compressed air entrance ports arranged in the curved lateral wall of the chamber,- said entrance ports being constituted by a plurality of orifices arranged in a row extending from said rear wall to said front wall and which, at least adjacent to the said front wall, are slantingly directed in a direction slightly opposite to the direction of discharge of the chamber, said orifices forming part of the bell-shaped discharge end of a tubular feeder which includes an air blower and a fuel ejector, to obtain an eflicient carburetion and distribution of the fuel with an automatic control of the helical advance movementof the-fuel and air stream within said burner chamber.

BENJAMIN J. PARMELE.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS in the Clausen et a1. Feb. 19, 1946 

